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In comparative mythology, sky father is a term for a recurring concept of a sky god who is addressed as a "father", often the father of a pantheon. The concept of "sky father" may also be taken to include Sun gods with similar characteristics. The concept is complementary to an "earth mother". "Sky Father" is a direct translation of the Vedic Dyaus Pita, etymologically identical to the Greek Zeus Pater.〔''dyaus'' in Vedic still retained the meaning "sky", while the Greek Zeus had become a proper name exclusively.〕 While there are numerous parallels adduced from outside of Indo-European mythology, the concept is far from universal (e.g. Egyptian mythology has a "Heavenly Mother"). =="Sky Father" in historical mythology== *Indo-European mythology * *In the early Vedic pantheon, Dyaus Pita "Sky Father" appears already in a marginal position, but in comparative mythology is often reconstructed as having stood alongside Prithvi Mata "Earth Mother" in prehistoric times. * *In Ancient Rome, the sky father, or sky god, was Jupiter (Zeus, ''Ζεύς'', in Ancient Greece), often depicted by birds, usually the eagle or hawk, and clouds or other sky phenomena. Nicknames included "Sky God" and "Cloud Gatherer." While many attribute a sky god to the sun, Jupiter ruled mainly over the clouds and the heavens, while Apollo is referred to as the god of the sun. Apollo was, however, the son of Jupiter. *In Māori mythology, Ranginui was the sky father. In this story, the sky father and earth mother Papatuanuku, embraced and had divine children. *Wākea is a sky father in Hawaiian mythology. *In Native American mythology and Native American religion, the sky father is a common character in creation myth. *In China, in Daoist belief, 天 (''tian''), meaning sky, is associated with light, the positive, male, etc., whereas 地 (''di'') meaning earth or land, is associated with dark, the negative, female, etc. * *''Shangdi'' 上帝 (Hanyu Pinyin: ''shàng dì'') (literally "King Above") was a supreme God worshipped in ancient China. It is also used to refer to the Christian God in the Standard Chinese Union Version of the Bible. *''Zhu, Tian Zhu'' 主,天主 (lit. "Lord" or "Lord in Heaven") is translated from the English word, "Lord", which is a formal title of the Christian God in Mainland China's Christian churches. * *''Tian'' 天 (lit. "sky" or "heaven") is used to refer to the sky as well as a personification of it. Whether it possesses sentience in the embodiment of an omnipotent, omniscient being is a difficult question for linguists and philosophers. *Tengri "sky", chief god of the early religion of the Turkic peoples. *In Ancient Egypt, Horus was ruler of the sky. He was shown as a typical male humanoid, however, he appeared to have the head of a falcon. It is not uncommon for birds to represent the sky in ancient religions, due to their ability to fly. *In the ancient prehispanic territory of Colombia the Muisca people (Muisca mythology) used to worship Bochica as the sky father.〔Paul Herrmann, Michael Bullock (1954). Conquest by Man. Harper & Brothers. pp. 186. OCLC 41501509.〕 * "Taevaisa" (Taevas = sky, isa = father) is the word by which adherents in Estonia of the Maausk (faith of the land) and the Taara native beliefs refer to God. Although both branches of the original Estonian religion - which are largely just different ways of approaching what is in essence the same thing, to the extent that it remains extant - are pantheistic, heaven has a definite and important place in the ancient pre-Christian Estonian belief system. All things are sacred for those of the faith of the land, but the idea of a sky father - among other "sacrednesses" - is something all Estonians are well aware of. In newer history, after the arrival of Christianity, the ideas of a sky father and "a father who art in heaven" have become somewhat conflated. One way or another, the phrase "taevaisa" remains in common use in Estonia. *The ''Liber Sancti Iacobi'' by Aymericus Picaudus tells that the Basques called God ''Urcia'', a word found in compounds for the names of some week days and meteorological phenomena.〔Trask, L. ''The History of Basque'' (1997) Routledge ISBN 0-415-13116-2〕〔Jose M. de Barandiaran ''Mitologia Vasca'' (1996) Txertoa ISBN 84-7148-117-0〕 The current usage is Jaungoikoa, that can be interpreted as "the lord of above". The imperfect grammaticality of the word leads some to conjecture that it is a folk etymology applied to ''jainkoa'', now considered a shorter synonym. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「sky father」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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